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Objective:To investigate the relationship between plasma phosphorylated α-synuclein (ps129-α-syn) and cognitive function in Parkinson disease (PD).Methods:This study recruited 90 PD patients who were hospitalized in the Department of Neurology, Henan province people's hospital from March 2019 to June 2020.Forty healthy middle-aged and elderly people with normal cognitive function who came to the hospital for physical examination were selected during the same period.Clinical characteristics and blood samples were collected.Patients with PD were classified into those with normally cognitive (PD-NC), mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI), and dementia (PDD). The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the plasma ps129-α-syn.Correlations between plasma ps129-α-syn and clinical characteristics such as disease duration, Hoehn-Yahr stage (H-Y), unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS), Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), 14-item Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HAMA-14), the 24-item Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD-24), levodopa equivalent daily dosage (LEDD), the scale of outcomes in Parkinson's disease for autonomic symptoms, SCOPA-AUT) were analyzed using Pearson or Spearman correlation analysis.Multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the factors affecting the cognitive function of PD.Results:Plasma ps129-α-syn in PD patients was higher than that in healthy controls((19.44±8.93)μg/L, (10.78±5.87)μg/L, ( t=5.615, P<0.01). Plasma ps129-α-syn was higher in PD-MCI group((19.64±7.77)μg/L)and PDD group((23.79±9.47)μg/L) compared with that in PD-NC group((13.37±5.40)μg/L)( P<0.05). Plasma ps129-α-syn was positively correlated with H-Y ( r=0.404, P<0.01), UPDRS-Ⅲ( r=0.275, P=0.009), UPDRS-total ( r=0.211, P=0.046) and SCOPA-AUT( r=0.335, P=0.001). Plasma ps129-α-syn was negatively associated with MoCA ( r=-0.459, P<0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis suggested disease duration ( t=-4.618, P<0.01), ps129-α-syn( t=-3.792, P<0.01) and UPDRS-total ( t=-2.826, P=0.006) were independently associated with cognitive function.Plasma ps129-α-syn could discriminate between PD-NC and PD cognitive function impairment with an AUC of 0.7797 (95% CI: 0.686 3-0.873 2, P<0.01). Conclusions:Plasma ps129-α-syn is correlated with cognitive function and the severity of motor symptoms in PD patients, and have high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing PD cognitive dysfunction.Therefore, plasma ps129-α-syn can serve as a biomarker to assess cognitive function in PD.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of Donepezil treatment on the expression of high mobility group box 1 protein(HMGB1)in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in Alzheimer's disease patients.Methods:This is a single-center observational stady.A total of 120 Alzheimer's disease patients admitted in our hospital from March 2017 to may 2019 were randomly divided into the control group receiving the routine drug therapy(n=60)and the Donepezil group receiving Donepezil hydrochloride(5 mg/d)as an add-on to medicine of control group(n=60). The expression levels of HMGB1 in serum and cerebrospinal fluid, Alzheimer's disease assessment scale(ADAS-Cog), mini-mental state examination(MMSE)scores, activities of daily living(ADL)and neuropsychiatric inventory(NPI)were compared before versus after 1 month of treatment.Results:After the Donepezil treatment, the ADAS-Cog score was lower, MMSE score was higher, ADL score was higher and NPI score was lower in the Donepezil group than in the control group(25.2± 2.7 vs.33.4± 3.6, 23.3± 2.1 vs.19.4±1.9, 56.3±2.1 vs.46.9±1.6, 16.2±2.3 vs.22.3± 2.6, P<0.05). After the Donepezil treatment, the levels of HMGB1 in serum[(45.3±5.3)μg/L vs.(56.3±4.4)μg/L]and in cerebrospinal fluid[(39.2±3.3)μg/L vs.(47.1±3.9)μg/L]were lower in the Donepezil group than in the control group(all P<0.05). Conclusions:Donepezil treatment can downregulate the HMGB1 expression levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in Alzheimer's disease patients, which may related to the improvement of cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease patients.
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Objective To explore the effect of repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation ( rTMS) com-bined with rehabilitation training on the motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Methods A total of 150 persons with Parkinson's disease were randomly divided into an rTMS group, a rehabilitation training group and an observation group, each of 50. The rTMS group received only repeated magnetic stimulation. The rehabilita-tion training group received only standard rehabilitation training. The observation group was given both for 4 weeks. The overall efficacy of each treatment was evaluated using the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale ( UPDRS) , while the motor symptoms were assessed using the 10 m back-and-forth run test, a simple test for evaluating hand function ( STEF) and Berg's balance scale. Non-motor symptoms were evaluated using a questionnaire ( NMSQ) , the mini-mental state examination ( MMSE) , the Hamilton depression scale ( HAMD) , the Hamilton anxiety scale ( HAMA) and the Parkinson's disease sleep scale ( PDSS) . Moreover, a comprehensive quality of life assessment questionnaire ( SF-36) was used to evaluate the life quality of patients before and after the treatment. Results Compared with before the treatment, the average UPDRS scores of all three groups were lower after the treatment. Moreover, the average UPDRS score of the observation group was significantly lower than those of the other two groups. Significant improvement was observed in the mean 10 m run time and in the average STEF and Berg scores of the rehabilitation training and observation groups, but not in the rTMS group's averages. After the treatment, the mean NMSQ, MMSE, HAMD, HAMA and PDSS results of the rTMS and observation groups were significantly bet-ter than those before treatment, with the observation group's averages significantly better than those of the rehabili-tation training group. The average PDSS and SF-36 scores of the observation group were also significantly better than those of the other groups. Conclusion rTMS combined with rehabilitation training can significantly improve the motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease patients, and its efficacy is superior to that of rTMS or reha-bilitation training alone.
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Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of unstable pelvic fractures treated by cannulated screw internal fixation with the assistance of three-dimensional (3D) printing insertion template.
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Objective To investigate the distribution of hepatitis B virus(HBV) genotypes ,drug resistance situation of hepatitis B patients and the relation between HBV genotype with drug resistance and mutation sites .Methods Three hundred serum samples of HBV patients were collected and HBV‐DNA was extracted by adopting the centrifugal column method .The HBV genotype and drug resistant mutant were detected by using PCR‐reverse dot blot hybridization method .Results In 300 cases of HBV‐DNA posi‐tive ,genotye B ,C ,B/C and other undetected genotypes were detected out ,but genotype D was not detected out ,in which genotype C was predominant ,accounting for 81 .8% ;in the HBV patients ,the resistant drugs were dominated by‐lamivudine and telbivudine , accounting for 43 .6% ;the HBV drug resistant mutation genotypes were mainly rt204I(24 .35% ) ,rt204V (17 .39% ) and rt180M (17 .39% );the drug resistance mutation rates of genotype B and C were 30 .77% and 42 .42% respectively ;the difference was sta‐tistically significant(P<0 .05) .Conclusion HBV genotype C in Dongying area is more than genotype B ,genotype C is prone to produce drug resistance ,rt204I ,rt204V and rt180M gene mutations are common ,lamivudine and telbivudine combined resistance is common ,the suitable treatment scheme should be selected according to genotyping and drug resistance mutations results .
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OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of amifostine(Amf)on the differentiation of human megakaryocyte cell line-Dami. METHODS Dami cells were treated with Amf 0.01-5.0 mmol · L-1 for 12 d. Dami cells were counted every day for the growth curve:only cells with a diameter>20μm. The platelet demarcation membrane system was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The expression of CD33,CD34,CD41a and DNA ploidy was detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS Amf 0.1-1.0 mmol · L-1 promoted the differentiation of Dami cells ,but inhibited their proliferation at a concentration>1.0 mmol · L-1. When these cells were treated with Amf 1.0 mmol · L-1 for 12 d,the platelet demarcation membrane system was observed,the percentage of cells with a diameter >20 μm was increased by 24.6%(P1.0 mmol·L-1).
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Objective To investigate the effect of nerve growth factor ( NGF) combined with exercise train-ing on nerve protection, learning and memory. Methods Twenty-four six-month-old APP/PS1 mice were randomly divided into a control group, an NGF group, an exercise group and an NGF combined with exercise training group ( the combined group) , each of 6. The control group mice were given 50 μL of saline intra-nasally every day, while the NGF group were given 50 μL of NGF solution (0.1 mg/ml) intranasally. The exercise group was given 50μL of saline intra-nasally plus 30 minutes of treadmill exercise daily, while the combined group was given 50μL of the NGF solution and 30 minutes of exercise. The intervention lasted 21 days. Then Morris water maze test was conducted to e-valuate the memory of all groups, and all of the mice were sacrificed and immunohistochemical staining was used to check the levels of APP, Ki-67 expression in cortex and NeuN expression in hippocampus. Results In the place navigation test, significant differences in escape latency were observed among the 4 groups, with the NGF, exercise and combined groups showing average latencies significantly shorter than that of the control group The average latency of the combined group was also significantly shorter than that of the NGF and exercise groups. In the spatial probe, there were significant differences among the 4 groups in the percentage of time spent in the target quadrant. The com-bined group′s average was significantly larger than those of the NGF and exercises groups. The immunochemistry showed that the combined group had better-arranged neurons and more cells compared with the 3 other groups. The average APP protein expression of the combined group was significantly lower than that of the other groups, but their Ki-67-positive and NeuN-positive cells were found to be significantly more numerous. Conclusion NGF combined with exercise can improve learning and memory, at least in APP/ PS1 mice. This might be associated with its reduc-ing the expression of APP and promoting the expression of Ki-67 and NeuN.
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Objective To observe the effects of treadmill training and music therapy on freezing of gait among patients with Parkinson′s disease. Methods Fifty-six Parkinson′s disease patients with freezing of gait were randomly divided into a control group, a treadmill training group, a music group and a united group, each of fourteen. All groups received standard medication. The treadmill training group and the music group were also given treadmill training and music therapy respectively. The united group received both treadmill training and music therapy. All of the patients were assessed in terms of freezing score, time to start a first step, incidence of falls, UPDRS-Ⅲ scores and MBI scores before and after 8 weeks of intervention. Results There were no sig-nificant differences among the 4 groups before the training. Significant differences were observed in all of the measurements between the treadmill training and united groups after the treatment. In the music group, only the average UPDRS-Ⅲ and MBI results were significantly improved after the treatment. Compared with the treadmill training and music groups, the united group showed significant differences in all of the measurements. Conclu-sion Treadmill training combined with music therapy is more effective than either alone in relieving gait freezing among those with Parkinson′s disease. It decreases falling and improves their capacity in the activities of daily living life, thus their quality of life.
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Objective To assess the characteristics and influencing factors of non-motor symptoms (non-motor symptoms) in untreated patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) at early stage.Methods A total of 106 untreated patients with PD at early stage and 108 healthy controls (HC) matched for age,gender,education status and occupation were investigated by non-motor symptoms questionnaire.And both of them were divided into two groups:aged group (≥60 years old) and nonaged group (＜60 years old).76 cases with an average of (66.8±6.6) years old were selected in the aged group,and 30 cases with an average of (57.3± 5.2) years old were selected in the non-aged group.The distribution of non-motor symptoms items was analyzed between two groups.The clinical characteristics of PD patients were also collected to assess the dominant influencing factors for the prevalence of non-motor symptoms.Results The total number of non-motor symptoms was significantly higher in aged PD patients and non aged PD patients than in age-matched control groups [(13±7) vs.(4±2),t=10.843; (11±4) vs.(2±1),t=12.145,both P＜0.001].The incidence of non-motor symptoms was significantly higher in aged PD patients (20 items) and non-aged PD patients (9 items) than in age-matched control groups (both P＜0.05).The constipation in aged PD patients and the olfactory disturbance in non-aged PD patients were the most frequent ones.The number of non motor symptoms was positively correlated with course of disease(r=0.413),age(r=0.385) and Hoehn-Yahr stage (r =0.318) in aged PD patients (all P ＜ 0.05).The number of non motor symptoms was positively correlated with Hoehn-Yahr stage in non-aged PD patients (r=0.306,P＜0.05).Conclusions non-motor symptoms are more frequently seen in aged and non-aged PD patients than in age-matched controls.non-motor symptoms are more common in PD patients at earl stage and the number of non-motor symptoms increases with the degree of disease severity and age.More attention should be paid to the diagnosis and rational treatment of the non-motor symptoms so as to increase treatment effectiveness.
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Ischemic stroke has become one of the leading causes of disability and death in China.A number of studies have confirmed that hypoalbuminemia is an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke.It affects the severity of ischemic stroke and outcomes.This article reviews the rehtionship between serum albumin and ischemic stroke,the cause of low albumin level,the effect of albumin on ischemic stroke,and how to supplement albumin in order to improve the clinician's attention for hypoalbuminemia in patients with ischemic stroke and supplement nutrition timely and reasonably.
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Objective To observe the effects of levodopa on verbal and spatial working memory in elderly patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).Methods The modified Smith working memory software were applied to study the verbal and spatial working memory in 32 PD patients before and 8 weeks after treatment with levodopa and benserazide hydrochloride tablets.The results of PD patients were compared with those in 32 normal controls matched for age,sex and education.Results The correct rates of phonological verbal and coordinate visuospatial working memory were significantly lower in the PD patients without treatment than in the normal controls (both P＜0.01).The correct rates of semantic verbal and categorical visuospatial working memory had no significant differences between the PD patients without treatment and the normal controls (both P＞0.05).The correct rates of phonological verbal working memory and coordinate visuospatial working memory were significantly higher in the PD patients after administration of levodopa and benserazide tablets than in PD patients without treatment [(88.6±6.5)％ vs.(82.1 ± 6.6)％,(84.2±8.8)％ vs.(75.2±8.9)％,respectively,both P＜0.01],but there were no significant differences in the correct rates of semantic verbal working memory and categorical visuospatial working memory between the above two groups (both P＞0.05).The correct rates of phonological verbal,semantic verbal,coordinate visuospatial and categorical visuospatial working memory were negatively correlated with the course of disease,and had no correlations with age and the degree of education.Conclusions Levodopa can improve the functions of phonological verbal working memory and the coordinate visuospatial working memory,but has no effect on the semantic verbal working memory and the categorical visuospatial working memory.It is postulated that dopamine replacement therapy may have double dissociable effects on the different working memories.
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Objective To investigate platelet α and β secretase activities and the amounts of platelet soluble fragment of APP (sAPPα) produced by α-secretase in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods The neurological functions of 48 nondemented patients,42 MCI and 40 AD patients were evaluated by neuropsychological examinations.The platelet α and β secretase activities and sAPPα production in each group were measured by fluorescence and Western blotting analysis respectively.Results The α secretase activities in non-demented,MCI and AD group were 100.0％ ± 10.6％,78.2％ ± 9.4％ and 61.8％ ± 7.2％ respectively.As compared with nondemented group,the α secretase activities in MCI and AD group were decreased (F =22.935,P =0.001).The α secretase activity in AD group was significantly lower than MCI group.The β secretase activities in non-demented,MCI and AD group were 100.0％ ± 11.2％,145.8％ ± 12.7％ and 189.8％ ± 14.2％respectively.The β secretase activities in MCI and AD group were significantly higher than that in nondemented group (F =16.368,P =0.001).The β secretase activity in AD group was significantly decreased as compared with MCI group.The sAPPα amounts in MCI group and AD group were all decreased as compared with that in control group; the sAPPo amount in AD patients was significantly decreased as compared with that in MCI group.Conclusions The platelet α secretase activity and its production sAPPα in MCI and AD patients are decreased,while β secretase activity is increased,as compared with that in control group; the altered α and β secretase activities may participate in the pathogenesis of MCI and AD patients and may have diagnostic potential for them.
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Objective To investigate the effects of exercise on memory impairment in demented mice and possible molecular mechanisms.Methods Thirty Kunming nice were divided into a normal control group,a dementia group and a dementia plus exercise training group (exercise training group),10 mice/group. Dementia models were established by intraperitoneal injection of scopolamine.Exercise training was begun 30 min after the injection and lasted for a 6-week period. A water maze test was performed after the exercise training. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and protein kinase (Akt) phosphorylation in the hippocampus were detected by Western blot analysis.Nitric oxide (NO) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the hippocampus were also measured.ResultsDementia models were successfully induced as indicated by prolonged escape latency in the water maze test.After exercise training the escape latency had shortened significantly and hippocanpal BDNF expression and Akt phosphorylation had increased.NO content increased and SOD activity decreased after the injections,but these effects were partially reversed after exercise training.Conclusions Exercise can improve spatial memory significantly after scopolanine-induced dementia in mice.The increased hippocampal BDNF expression and Akt phosphorylation,increased SOD activity and decreased NO content may partially explain the behavior improvement induced by exercise.
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Objective To characterize emotional memory impairment in untreated patients with Parkinson' s disease (PD) in the early stages of the disease. Methods Emotional memory tasks using standardized sets of emotional pictures including positive, neutral and negative valence were tested in 33 untreated patients with PD in the early stages and 31 healthy controls matched with age, sex, and education.Results Compared with the healthy adults (13.4 ± 1.4), PD patients had significant loss of negative valence picture memorizing ( 8. 9 ± 1.0; t = - 14. 87, P ＜ 0. 01 ).There was no significant difference between PD patients and normal controls in positive ( 11.8 ± 1.0 vs 12. 4 ± 2. 2 , t = - 0. 95 ) and neutral (7.9 ± 1.4 vs 8.2 ± 1.3, t = - 0. 89) valence picture memorizing ( both P ＞ 0. 05 ). ConclusionThe emotional memory for negative valence pictures is impaired but the emotional memory for positive and neutral is relatively spared in early PD patients without treatment.
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Objective To explore the characteristics of event-based prospective memory (EBPM) and time-based prospective memory (TBPM) impairments in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods EBPM and TBPM were examined in 87 PD patients and 85 healthy controls. And both of them were divided into two groups: aged group (≥60 years old) and non-aged group (＜60 years old). Results (1) The scores of EBPM were significantly lower in aged PD patients and non-aged PD patients than in age-matched control groups [(2. 5±0. 4) vs. (5.8± 1.3),(3.9±2.4) vs. (6.3±1.5), both P＜0. 01]. There were no significant differences in the scores of EBPM between aged PD patients or non-aged PD patients and their age-matched control groups [(3.6±0.5) vs. (3.8±0.8), (4.8±0.9) vs. (4.9±0.9), both P＞0.05]. (2)The Hoehn-Yahr grade in PD patients was significantly correlated with scores of EBPM, but not with scores of TBPM.Conclusions The patients with PD have an impairment in EBPM, but not in TBPM. The impairment of EBPM may be related to the disease severity of PD.
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Alzheimer!s disease (AD) is one of the commonest neurodegenerative diseases affected mainly theelderly. AD is characterized by the formation of neuritic plaque in brain, which is composed mainly of extracellular?amyloid deposion, the A?. A?is deprived from serial hydrolysis of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by twosecretases, the ?and ?-secretase respectively. Alternatively, APP can also be sequential processed by ?-secretaseand ?-secretase, which not only preclude the formation of A?, but also generate a large ectodomain (sAPP?) whohas several neuroprotective properties. Thus the secondary processing pathway has become the focus of ADresearch. Many results have indicated that members of the adamalysin family of proteins, mainly the ADAM 10,ADAM 17 and ADAM 9, fulfill some of the criteria required of ?-secretase. Here the biological characteristics of?-secretase, its activity regulation and its potential function as targets for the treatment of AD were summerized.
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Objective: To study the effect of zinc deficiency on the growth and concentrations of related hormones in serum of pregnant rats. Methods: Pregnant Wistar rats were assigned to zinc deficiency(ZD),pair-fed(PF),zinc supplement(ZS) and control(Cont) group and fed for 21 days with zinc deficient(0.7 mg/kg)diet(ZD rats)or a similar diet supplemented with 100 mg Zn/kg.The growth of pregnant rats was observed and the concentrations of triiodothyronine(T 3),thyroxine(T 4),thyrotropin(TSH) and growth hormone(GH) in serum of rats were determined with radioimmunoassay. Results: The ZD rats didn't gain weight.The birth weight of fetuses in ZD group was significantly lower than that of other groups (P